Redis: 1ms Cachee L1: 31ns Post-Quantum Attested

Redis vs In-Process
L1 Cache

31ns vs 1ms
Same workload. Different architecture.

Redis adds serialization, TCP, TLS, and deserialization to every operation.
Cachee L1 is a pointer dereference. 32,258x faster.

31ns
L1 Read Latency
1ms
Redis Read Latency
32M+
Ops/sec (Cachee)
140+
Redis-Compatible Commands
Architecture

Two Paths. Same Data.

Every Redis read crosses six boundaries. Every Cachee L1 read crosses zero.

Redis / ElastiCache Path Total: ~1ms
Apprequest
Serialize~50us
TCP Connect~100us
TLS Handshake~50us
Network RTT~200us
Redis Process~500us
Deserialize~50us
Return~1ms total
Cachee L1 Path Total: 31ns
Apprequest
Pointer Dereference31ns
Return31ns total
32,258x
fewer instructions. Same result.
Head to Head

Every Metric. Side by Side.

Metric Redis / ElastiCache Cachee L1
Read latency 310us - 1ms 31ns
Write latency 350us - 1.2ms 45ns
Serialization Required (JSON/msgpack) None (native memory)
Network hop Required None
TLS overhead ~50us per connection None
Scales with payload Yes (O(n) serialization) No (constant 31ns)
Thread blocking Yes (async await) No (sync, zero-wait)
Failure blast radius All services lose cache Per-process only
Throughput ~100K ops/sec/node 32M+ ops/sec
Redis commands 140+ 140+ (compatible)
PQ attestation None ML-DSA + FALCON + SLH-DSA
Eviction policy LRU / LFU CacheeLFU (adaptive)

Redis is not slow. It is architecturally constrained. Serialization and TCP are the tax. Cachee L1 eliminates the tax entirely.

The Killer Insight

Redis Gets Slower. Cachee Doesn't.

Redis latency grows linearly with payload size because every byte must be serialized, transmitted, and deserialized. Cachee L1 stays at 31ns regardless of payload size — it is a pointer dereference.

Payload Size vs Latency

64 bytes (session token) 310us vs 31ns
Redis: 310us
10,000x slower
1 KB (user profile) 360us vs 31ns
Redis: 360us
11,613x slower
4.5 KB (PQ key bundle) 520us vs 31ns
Redis: 520us
16,774x slower
50 KB (STARK proof) 1.42ms vs 31ns
Redis: 1.42ms
45,806x slower
1 MB (ML model weights) 12.5ms vs 31ns
Redis: 12.5ms
403,226x slower

Redis latency is O(n) in payload size. Cachee L1 is O(1). The gap widens with every byte. At 1MB payloads, Redis is 403,226x slower.

Honest Comparison

When to Use What

Redis is a great tool. Cachee is a different tool. Here is when each one wins.

🔌
Shared State Across Processes
Multiple services need the same data. Redis is the right choice. It is a shared datastore, not just a cache.
📢
Pub/Sub Messaging
Redis pub/sub and Streams are excellent for real-time messaging between services. Cachee does not do pub/sub.
💾
Persistence / Durability
Redis offers AOF and RDB persistence. If your cache data must survive a restart, Redis is the right tool.
Hot-Path Reads
Latency-critical reads where every microsecond matters. Auth tokens, session data, rate limits, feature flags. 31ns.
🔐
Large Payloads (PQ Keys)
Post-quantum key bundles are 4.5KB+. Redis latency grows linearly with size. Cachee stays at 31ns regardless.
🛡
Latency-Critical Pipelines
Trading engines, biometric auth, gaming tick loops, ML inference. Where 1ms is a lifetime and 31ns is invisible.
🚀
Best Architecture: L1 in Front of Redis
Put Cachee L1 in front of Redis. 99% of reads hit L1 at 31 nanoseconds and never touch Redis. The 1% that miss fall through to Redis at 1ms. Your Redis bill drops. Your P99 drops. Your Redis CPU drops. You lose nothing and gain everything. This is the recommended architecture.
Cost Analysis

At 1 Billion Ops/Month — the Math

Redis infrastructure costs scale with ops. Cachee L1 runs inside your existing compute. No new infrastructure. No new network hops. No new failure domain.

Line ItemElastiCache (Redis)Cachee
Instance / License $480/mo (r7g.xlarge) $499/mo (flat)
Network transfer $50-200/mo (cross-AZ) $0 (in-process)
Serialization CPU Hidden (your app pays) $0 (native memory)
Monitoring / Alarms $30-80/mo (CloudWatch) Built-in metrics
Ops overhead Patching, failover, scaling Zero infra
Compute recapture None Freed CPU from no serialization
Effective Total $560-760/mo + hidden costs $499/mo, all-in

The biggest cost isn't the Redis bill. It's the CPU your app spends serializing and deserializing on every operation. Cachee eliminates that entirely.

Migration

Add Cachee L1 in Front of Redis — Zero Risk

You don't rip out Redis. You add Cachee in front of it. One function call wraps your existing Redis client. Reads hit L1 first. Misses fall through to Redis. Writes go to both.

Before: Direct Redis

// Every read hits Redis over TCP const session = await redis.get(`session:${userId}`); // 310us - 1ms const profile = await redis.hgetall(`user:${userId}`); // 350us - 1.2ms const flags = await redis.get(`flags:${tenantId}`); // 310us - 1ms // Total: ~1ms - 3.2ms for three reads

After: Cachee L1 + Redis Fallback

// L1 hit: 31ns. L1 miss: falls through to Redis. const cache = cachee.wrap(redis); // one line to add L1 const session = await cache.get(`session:${userId}`); // 31ns (L1 hit) const profile = await cache.hgetall(`user:${userId}`); // 31ns (L1 hit) const flags = await cache.get(`flags:${tenantId}`); // 31ns (L1 hit) // Total: ~93ns for three reads (99% of the time)

Shadow Mode: Run Both, Compare

// Shadow mode: reads from both, logs discrepancies, serves from L1 const cache = cachee.wrap(redis, { mode: 'shadow', // read from both, serve from L1 logDiscrepancy: true, // alert if L1 != Redis ttl: '5m', // L1 entries expire after 5 min maxMemory: '256mb', // cap L1 memory usage }); // Zero risk. Full visibility. Migrate with confidence.
Benchmark

Redis vs Cachee — Side by Side

cachee-bench: redis vs l1
$ cachee bench --compare redis --ops 1000000 --payload 1kb
 
--- Redis (localhost:6379, TLS enabled) ---
GET 1,000,000 ops p50: 340us p99: 1.2ms throughput: 98,412 ops/sec
SET 1,000,000 ops p50: 380us p99: 1.4ms throughput: 87,231 ops/sec
 
--- Cachee L1 (in-process, CacheeLFU) ---
GET 1,000,000 ops p50: 31ns p99: 45ns throughput: 32,258,064 ops/sec
SET 1,000,000 ops p50: 45ns p99: 62ns throughput: 22,222,222 ops/sec
 
READ: Cachee is 10,968x faster (p50) | 26,667x faster (p99)
WRITE: Cachee is 8,444x faster (p50) | 22,581x faster (p99)

Run it yourself: brew install cachee && cachee bench --compare redis

Root Cause

Why Redis Is Architecturally Slower

Redis is fast for a networked datastore. It is slow for a cache. The difference is architectural, not implementation quality. Redis cannot be faster because of what it is.

The six costs Redis cannot eliminate

1. Serialization
Your struct must become bytes. JSON, msgpack, protobuf. CPU cost scales with payload size.
2. TCP Socket
Kernel syscall to send. Context switch. Even on localhost, the kernel mediates.
3. TLS Handshake
~50us per new connection. Pooling helps, but TLS record overhead persists on every request.
4. Network RTT
Even in the same AZ, network round-trip is 100-200us. Cross-AZ: 500us+. Cross-region: 10ms+.
5. Redis Processing
Redis is single-threaded. Under load, commands queue behind each other. Your GET waits for someone else's ZADD.
6. Deserialization
Bytes become your struct again. Allocation, parsing, validation. Same CPU cost as serialization.
Cachee L1 eliminates all six
Data is already in native memory format. No serialization. No network. No TLS. No socket. No queue. No deserialization. A read is a pointer dereference into a concurrent hash map. 31 nanoseconds.
FAQ

Common Questions

Is Redis fast enough for real-time systems?

Redis read latency is 310us to 1ms in production. For systems that require sub-microsecond response — trading engines, biometric authentication, gaming tick loops — Redis is too slow. The bottleneck is architectural: serialization, TCP, and TLS add latency that cannot be optimized away. An in-process L1 cache returns in 31 nanoseconds.

What is an in-process L1 cache?

An in-process L1 cache lives inside your application's memory space. Reads are pointer dereferences — 31 nanoseconds, no serialization, no network hop. The data is already in native memory format. Cachee is an in-process L1 cache that supports 140+ Redis-compatible commands, CacheeLFU eviction, and post-quantum attestation of every entry.

Can I use Cachee with Redis?

Yes. The recommended architecture is Cachee L1 in front of Redis. Cachee handles 99% of reads at 31 nanoseconds. Cache misses fall through to Redis. You get sub-microsecond reads for hot data and Redis durability for cold data. Migration takes one line: cachee.wrap(redis).

Why is Cachee 10,000x faster than Redis?

Redis requires six steps per read: serialize, TCP connect, TLS handshake, network transmit, process, deserialize. Each step adds latency. Cachee L1 requires one step: a pointer dereference into local memory. No serialization (data is already native structs). No network (same process). No TLS (same memory space). The result: 31ns vs 1ms.

Does Cachee support Redis commands?

Yes. Cachee supports 140+ Redis-compatible commands: GET, SET, MGET, HGET, HSET, LPUSH, SADD, ZADD, EXPIRE, TTL, and more. The command interface is identical. You can migrate by changing the connection string. The difference is architectural: Redis executes commands over TCP in a separate process, while Cachee executes them as in-process function calls at 31 nanoseconds.

31 nanoseconds. 140+ Redis commands. Zero infrastructure.

Put Cachee L1 in front of Redis. 99% of reads never touch the network.

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